Actin is an ancient conserved protein that is encoded by multiple isovariants in multi-cellular organisms. There are eight functional actin genes in the Arabidopsis genome.
AHA2 is a plasma membrane P-type proton pump. It exports protons to generate an electrochemical gradient, powering nutrient uptake and regulating root growth, pH homeostasis, and responses to stresses like phosphorus deficiency.
CLPF is one of the two adaptors (together with CLPS1) that are part of the plastid CLP system. CLPF interacts with chloroplast chaperone CLPC1, which unfolds and delivers substrates to the stromal CLPPRT protease complex for degradation.