NDHF is involved in the transfer of electrons from NAD(P)H: plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain.
FC2 is one of two ferrochelatase genes in Arabidopsis. Ferrochelatase is the terminal enzyme of heme biosynthesis. FC-II is speculated to operate in photosynthetic cytochromes.
Photosystem II (PSII) is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H2O, generating O2 and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation.
Sulfur nutrition is crucial for plant growth and development, as well as crop yield and quality. APS2 is involved in step 1 of the subpathway that synthesizes sulfite from sulfate.
